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Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Santalopsida  Order: Santalales Family: Santalaceae Genus: Santalum

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or trees 3–10 m tall. Apparently hemiparasitic on roots of other plants.

Stems:

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite or rarely alternate. Blades ovate, elliptic, or obovate, (2.5–)5.5–6(–8) cm long, (2–)2.54.5 cm wide. Surfaces evergreen ± conspicuously discolorous; upper surfaces glossy orange or bluish green on upper surface; lower surfaces conspicuously paler, sometimes yellowish orange to bluish or olive green; blades coriaceous to chartaceous, brittle. Margins entire. Petioles 2–15 mm long. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers in terminal and ± axillary, compound cymes. Flowers bisexual (perfect), with a sweet fragrance, greenish in bud, about as long as wide. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla greenish, tinged with brown, orange, or salmon after opening, 4– 8 mm long. Stamens 4(5). Ovary inferior; stigma 2–4-lobed.

Fruit: Drupes purple to black at maturity; 10–12 mm long; with an apical receptacular ring. Seeds muricate; with pointed beak on one end.

Ploidy: 2n = 40*

Habitat: Scattered in dry woodland on lava or on cinder cones; to higher elevation wet forest or secondary <i>Metrosideros</i> forest.

Elevation Range: 450–2,000 (–2,550) m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Hawai'i Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:1222 (H)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum n kona, pohakuloa training area, ~0.6 km n of bobcat trail, ~ 2.0 air km sw of jct. of bobcat and horizonatal trails Metrosideros, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN close, b. popolizio, c. collector number: 1194-16 Hawaii BISH 10/15/1994
2 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Mauna Kea, Saddle area, between Omaokoili and Puu Nene PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wakida, C. Collector Number: ESP 324 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1981
3 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum N Kona, Pohakuloa training area, ~0.6 km N of Bobcat Trail, ~ 2.0 air km SW of jct. of Bobcat and Horizonatal trails Metrosideros, Myrsine lanaiensis, Dodonaea viscosa PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Close, B. 1194-16 Hawaii BISH 10/15/1994
4 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Mauna Kea, Saddle area, between Omaokoili and Puu Nene PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wakida, C. ESP 324 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1981
5 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum huehue to puuwaawaa, n. koua, hawaii, alt. 2000-3000 feet PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 3728 MICH 6/6/1909
6 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Hawa?» - Belt road, Puna PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Degener, O. & I. Degener G 6/5/1972
7 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum island of hawaii PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes expedition MCTC
8 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum fern forest estates, east of belt road, puna Scrubby metrosideros forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN o. degener 32769 NY 6/5/1972
9 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum puna, hawaii. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN otto degener degener s.n. MO 3/2/1974
10 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kaupulehu Preserve at mile 28 along Mamalahoa Hwy (Hawaii Belt Road). Elev. 600-640m. Remnant dry forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN David H. Lorence s.n. Hawaii PTBG 9/5/1996
11 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum mauna kea, saddle area, between omaokoili and puu nene PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wakida, c. collector number: esp 324 Hawaii BISH 8/11/1981
12 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & r. meilleur 3164 Maui US
13 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kaalapuuwale, kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 228.h. Hawaii US 6/21/1911
14 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum saddle road, in kipuka near junction of mona kea road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. darwin 1169 Maui US 8/8/1975
15 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. 2940 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
16 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum ka`upulehu, fenced area PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner 4902 Hawaii US
17 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum North Hilo District, Saddle Road, kipuka just below Powerline Road on North side Forest, open understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Lorence, D. H.; Meilleur, B. 5987 Hawaii US 3/14/1988
18 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum flat east of kilauea military camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 33305 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
19 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. b. hillebrand 17? Hawaii US
20 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum puu nene, humuula sheep station. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 916 Hawaii US 2/13/1968
21 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum lua pele (hale-maumau). PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wilkes explor. exped. s.n. Maui US 1838-08-08
22 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Flat east of Kilauea Military Camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 33305 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
23 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum In Wooded kipuka Manuka Mauka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Hashimoto, E. Y.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11342 Hawaii US 12/26/1931
24 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum in wooded kipuka manuka mauka PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, e. hashimoto & e. y. hosaka 11342 Oahu US 12/26/1931
25 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum north hilo district, saddle road, kipuka just below powerline road on north side Forest, open understory PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, d. h. lorence & b. meilleur 5987 Hawaii US 3/14/1988
26 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum flat east of kilauea military camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN f. r. fosberg 33302 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
27 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kaalapuuwale, Kona PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 228.H. Hawaii US 6/21/2011
28 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum makaopuhi-kalapana trail, hawaii national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone 2937 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
29 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kawaihae, dhhl survey, supp. sta. p; pasture above kiawe forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. p. perlman, s. gon & l. perry 10289 Hawaii US 8/4/1989
30 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Flat east of Kilauea Military Camp. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fosberg, F. R. 33302 Hawaii US 2/12/1951
31 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Puu Nene, Humuula Sheep Station. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R. 916 Hawaii US 2/13/1968
32 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum volcanoes nat'l park, chain of craters rd., about 3 miles from junction with the crater rim rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN s. h. sohmer 6336 Hawaii US 1/8/1970
33 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum South of ocean view, below Highway in Kipuka. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Steve Perlman 13376A Hawaii PTBG 1/13/1994
34 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kupelehu, along belt road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Fredericks, L. s.n. Hawaii US 12/1/1946
35 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum makaopuhi-kalapana trail PRESERVED_SPECIMEN b. c. stone 2940 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
36 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Saddle Road, in kipuka near junction of Mona Kea Road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Darwin, S. P. 1169 Hawaii US 8/8/1975
37 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kilauea, Bird Park, Hawaii National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN St. John, H.; Bean, R. S.; Hosaka, E. Y. 11250 Hawaii US 12/22/1931
38 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum volcano kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes, w. t. brigham & c. l. thompson s.n. Hawaii US
39 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum n. kona, puu waawaa, along huehue PRESERVED_SPECIMEN y. kondo & w. ning 111 1/2 Hawaii US 7/24/1946
40 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum N. Kona, Puu Waawaa, along Huehue PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kondo, Y.; Ning, W. S. 111 1/2 Hawaii US 7/24/1946
41 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum 3 miles w of volcano house, in nat'l park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. s. henrickson 4069b Hawaii US 8/6/1969
42 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kawaihae, DHHL Survey, Supp. Sta. P; pasture above Kiawe Forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Perlman, S. P.; Gon, S.; Perry, L. 10289 Hawaii US 8/4/1989
43 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN j. f. rock 8770 Kauai US
44 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum 3 miles W of Volcano House, in Nat'l Park. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Henrickson, J. S. 4069b Hawaii US 8/6/1969
45 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum chain of craters PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hawaii US
46 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum nw hawaii, koaia tree sactuary, 5 mi nw of waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN e. l. little jr. 31086 Hawaii US 8/18/1976
47 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kilauea, bird park, hawaii national park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. st. john, r. bean & e. y. hosaka 11250 Hawaii US 12/22/1931
48 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum slopes of mauna kea (waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN c. n. forbes 460.h. Hawaii US
49 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum district of north kona. hwy 190 (mamalahoa hwy) at mile marker 28 between kona and kamuwela. kaupulehu preserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN t. w. flynn & r. meilleur 3164 Hawaii US 10/3/1988
50 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Makaopuhi-Kalapana trail, Hawaii National Park PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stone, B. C. 2937 Hawaii US 6/24/1959
51 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Volcanoes Nat'l Park, Chain of Craters rd., about 3 miles from junction with the Crater Rim rd. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Sohmer, S. H. 6336 Hawaii US 1/8/1970
52 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kupelehu, along belt road PRESERVED_SPECIMEN l. fredericks s.n. Hawaii US
53 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kaupulehu Forest Reserve, part of a kipuka, growing adjacent to the Kaupuleho Lava Flow. Dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Stern, W. L.; Stewart, N. S.; Owen, D.; Morimoto, H. 3122 Hawaii US 3/28/1974
54 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum kaupulehu forest reserve, part of a kipuka, growing adjacent to the kaupuleho lava flow. Dry forest PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. stern, n. stewart, d. owen & h. morimoto 3122 Hawaii US 3/28/1974
55 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum North Kona District, Pu`u Waa Waa Ranch, in Acacia koa pasture area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Herbst, D. R.; Spence, G. 5481 Hawaii US 9/24/1975
56 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum NW Hawaii, Koaia Tree Sactuary, 5 mi NW of Waimea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Little Jr., E. L. 31086 Hawaii US 8/18/1976
57 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Kilauea PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Rock, J. F. 8770 Oahu US 8/11/2020
58 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum north kona district, pu`u waa waa ranch, in acacia koa pasture area. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst & g. spence 5481 Hawaii US 9/24/1975
59 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum Slopes of Mauna Kea (Waiki) PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Forbes, C. N. 460.H. Hawaii US 8/11/2020
60 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum District of North Kona. Hwy 190 (Mamalahoa Hwy) at mile marker 28 between Kona and Kamuwela. Kaupulehu Preserve PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Flynn, T. W.; Meilleur, R. 3164 Hawaii US 10/3/1988
61 Santalum paniculatum var. paniculatum saddle road, 6500' PRESERVED_SPECIMEN d. r. herbst 916 Hawaii US 2/13/1968
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